Malnutrition

Malnutrition is the condition that results from taking an unbalanced diet in which certain nutrients are lacking, in excess (too high an intake), or in the wrong proportions.[1][2] A number of different nutrition disorders may arise, depending on which nutrients are under or overabundant in the diet.

The World Health Organization cites malnutrition as the gravest single threat to the world's public health.[3] Improving nutrition is widely regarded as the most effective form of aid.[3][4] Emergency measures include providing deficient micronutrients through fortified sachet powders, such as peanut butter, or directly through supplements.[5][6] The famine relief model increasingly used by aid groups calls for giving cash or cash vouchers to the hungry to pay local farmers instead of buying food from donor countries, often required by law, as it wastes money on transport costs.[7][8]

Long term measures include investing in modern agriculture in places that lack them, such as fertilizers and irrigation, which largely eradicated hunger in the developed world.[9] However, World Bank strictures restrict government subsidies for farmers and the spread of fertilizer use is hampered by some environmental groups.[10][11]

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